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Technical reference

The Hosting Glossary

Search 80 technical terms, explained in plain Arabic and English by the engineers who run the platform.

80 terms 8 categories Browse by category

Billing & Accounts

Invoice الفاتورة

The itemized bill for your services — what was charged, for which period, at what price, plus any taxes. In hosting plat...

The itemized bill for your services — what was charged, for which period, at what price, plus any taxes. In hosting platforms invoices generate automatically before each renewal and after upgrades. They are also your accounting records: VAT-registered businesses need the provider's tax number on every invoice, which Hostrena includes by default.

Billing
Hosting & Servers

Shared Hosting الاستضافة المشتركة

A hosting model where many websites live on one physical server and share its CPU, RAM and disk. It is the cheapest way...

A hosting model where many websites live on one physical server and share its CPU, RAM and disk. It is the cheapest way to put a site online because the provider manages the server entirely, but a noisy neighbour site can affect your performance. Best suited to small sites, blogs and early-stage projects that do not need guaranteed resources.

Hosting Beginner
DNS & Networking

A Record سجل A

The most fundamental DNS record: it maps a hostname directly to an IPv4 address (example.com → 203.0.113.10). Its IPv6 t...

The most fundamental DNS record: it maps a hostname directly to an IPv4 address (example.com → 203.0.113.10). Its IPv6 twin is the AAAA record. When you "point a domain at a server", you are almost always editing an A record. Multiple A records on one name distribute traffic in round-robin fashion.

DNS Records
Performance & CDN

Caching التخزين المؤقت (Caching)

Storing computed results so the next request skips the work. The web stacks caches in layers: browser cache, CDN edge ca...

Storing computed results so the next request skips the work. The web stacks caches in layers: browser cache, CDN edge cache, full-page cache, object cache (Redis), opcode cache (OPcache) and database query cache. Most "my site is slow" stories end with one missing cache layer — and most cache bugs end with one stale one.

Performance Fundamentals
Security & SSL

HTTPS

HTTP wrapped in TLS encryption — the secure version of the web's transfer protocol, running on port 443. It guarantees t...

HTTP wrapped in TLS encryption — the secure version of the web's transfer protocol, running on port 443. It guarantees three things: nobody can read the traffic (confidentiality), nobody can alter it (integrity), and you are talking to the real site (authentication). Required for modern browser APIs, HTTP/2+ and user trust.

Security Protocols
Billing & Accounts

Pro-rata Billing الفوترة النسبية (Pro-rata)

Charging only for the fraction of the billing period you actually use. Upgrade a plan mid-month and you pay the price di...

Charging only for the fraction of the billing period you actually use. Upgrade a plan mid-month and you pay the price difference for the remaining days only; some providers also use it to align all renewals to the first of the month. The fair alternative to "full month, no matter when you started".

Billing
Email

SMTP بروتوكول SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol — the protocol that sends email between servers and from your app or mail client to the ou...

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol — the protocol that sends email between servers and from your app or mail client to the outgoing server. Submission typically uses port 587 with STARTTLS (or 465 with implicit TLS); port 25 is reserved for server-to-server relay and is blocked for clients by most networks to fight spam.

Email Protocols
Databases

SQL لغة SQL

Structured Query Language — the standard language for talking to relational databases: SELECT reads, INSERT adds, UPDATE...

Structured Query Language — the standard language for talking to relational databases: SELECT reads, INSERT adds, UPDATE changes, DELETE removes. Every relational engine speaks a dialect of it. For hosting users it matters most in backups (.sql dump files) and in understanding what your CMS is doing under the hood.

Databases Languages
Domains

TLD — Top-Level Domain النطاق الأعلى (TLD)

The suffix after the last dot in a domain — .com, .net, .org, .sa, .io. Generic TLDs (.com) are open to anyone; country-...

The suffix after the last dot in a domain — .com, .net, .org, .sa, .io. Generic TLDs (.com) are open to anyone; country-code TLDs (.sa, .ae, .eg) are tied to a country and may carry local requirements; new gTLDs (.dev, .shop, .ai) offer fresh namespaces. The TLD affects price, trust perception and sometimes local SEO.

Domains
DNS & Networking

CNAME Record سجل CNAME

A DNS alias: it points one hostname at another hostname instead of an IP (www.example.com → example.com). When the targe...

A DNS alias: it points one hostname at another hostname instead of an IP (www.example.com → example.com). When the target's IP changes, every CNAME following it updates automatically — which is why SaaS platforms and CDNs ask you to connect custom domains via CNAME. A name with a CNAME cannot hold other record types.

DNS Records
Email

IMAP بروتوكول IMAP

Internet Message Access Protocol — the modern way to read mail. Messages stay on the server; every device (phone, laptop...

Internet Message Access Protocol — the modern way to read mail. Messages stay on the server; every device (phone, laptop, webmail) sees the same folders, read flags and drafts in sync. Uses port 993 over TLS. Choose IMAP over POP3 whenever you check mail from more than one device — which today is everyone.

Email Protocols
Security & SSL

Let's Encrypt

The non-profit certificate authority that made HTTPS free for everyone. It issues domain-validated TLS certificates thro...

The non-profit certificate authority that made HTTPS free for everyone. It issues domain-validated TLS certificates through the automated ACME protocol; certificates last 90 days and renew themselves silently. Hosting panels — Hostrena's included — integrate it so every site gets a valid certificate at the click of a button.

Security SSL
Domains

Subdomain النطاق الفرعي

A prefix that creates a separate site space under your main domain — blog.example.com or app.example.com. Subdomains are...

A prefix that creates a separate site space under your main domain — blog.example.com or app.example.com. Subdomains are free to create (a DNS record, not a new registration), can point at different servers, and are treated by search engines as semi-independent sites. Ideal for separating an app, docs portal or staging copy from the main site.

Domains DNS
Hosting & Servers

VDS — Virtual Dedicated Server الخادم الافتراضي المخصص (VDS)

A virtual server whose CPU cores are pinned to it physically — no sharing, no fair-use scheduling. Where a VPS shares ho...

A virtual server whose CPU cores are pinned to it physically — no sharing, no fair-use scheduling. Where a VPS shares host cores with neighbours, a VDS owns its cores outright, delivering dedicated-grade consistency while keeping the flexibility of virtualization. Built for production workloads that cannot tolerate performance variance.

Servers Virtualization
Hosting & Servers

Dedicated Server الخادم المخصص

An entire physical machine rented by one customer — every core, every gigabyte of RAM and every disk belongs to you alon...

An entire physical machine rented by one customer — every core, every gigabyte of RAM and every disk belongs to you alone. Maximum performance, full hardware control and complete isolation, at the highest price point. Chosen for heavy databases, game servers, regulated workloads and anything that must never share hardware.

Servers Enterprise
Performance & CDN

LiteSpeed خادم LiteSpeed

A high-performance web server that drop-in replaces Apache (it reads .htaccess) while serving far more concurrent traffi...

A high-performance web server that drop-in replaces Apache (it reads .htaccess) while serving far more concurrent traffic on the same hardware. Its companion LSCache plugin gives WordPress and other CMSs full-page caching with smart purging — frequently the single biggest speed upgrade a shared-hosting site can get.

Performance Software
Databases

MariaDB

The community fork of MySQL, created by MySQL's original author after the Oracle acquisition. It is a drop-in replacemen...

The community fork of MySQL, created by MySQL's original author after the Oracle acquisition. It is a drop-in replacement — same protocol, same SQL, same tools — with faster release cycles and some extra storage engines. Many Linux distributions and hosting platforms now ship MariaDB wherever "MySQL" is advertised.

Databases Software
Billing & Accounts

Payment Gateway بوابة الدفع

The licensed service that moves money between your card and the merchant — encrypting card data, talking to banks, handl...

The licensed service that moves money between your card and the merchant — encrypting card data, talking to banks, handling 3-D Secure and settling funds. Stripe, PayPal, and regional gateways like Moyasar or PayTabs are typical. A merchant integrating a gateway never stores raw card numbers; the gateway tokenizes them, which is what PCI DSS compliance is about.

Billing Payments
Email

POP3 بروتوكول POP3

Post Office Protocol v3 — the older mail retrieval protocol that downloads messages to one device and (by default) delet...

Post Office Protocol v3 — the older mail retrieval protocol that downloads messages to one device and (by default) deletes them from the server. No folder sync, no multi-device state. Its one remaining virtue is minimal server storage use; for everything else, IMAP replaced it. Uses port 995 over TLS.

Email Protocols
Domains

WHOIS سجل WHOIS

The public directory of domain registrations — who registered a domain, through which registrar, when it expires and whi...

The public directory of domain registrations — who registered a domain, through which registrar, when it expires and which nameservers it uses. Anyone can query it, which is why privacy protection services exist to mask the owner's personal details. Modern lookups increasingly use RDAP, WHOIS's structured successor.

Domains Tools
Security & SSL

Wildcard SSL شهادة Wildcard

A single certificate that covers a domain AND all its first-level subdomains — *.example.com secures www, app, mail and...

A single certificate that covers a domain AND all its first-level subdomains — *.example.com secures www, app, mail and any future subdomain without reissuing. Issued via DNS validation (you prove zone control with a TXT record). The economical choice once you run more than two or three subdomains.

Security SSL
Hosting & Servers

Cloud Hosting الاستضافة السحابية

Hosting that runs on a pool of interconnected servers instead of a single machine. Resources scale up or down on demand,...

Hosting that runs on a pool of interconnected servers instead of a single machine. Resources scale up or down on demand, hardware failures heal by migrating workloads to healthy nodes, and you pay for what you actually use. The architecture behind modern VPS platforms — including Hostrena's.

Cloud Infrastructure
Security & SSL

Firewall جدار الحماية

The gatekeeper that filters network traffic by rules — which ports are open, which IPs may connect, which packets get dr...

The gatekeeper that filters network traffic by rules — which ports are open, which IPs may connect, which packets get dropped. On Linux servers it is nftables/iptables (often managed by firewalld or CSF); cloud platforms add network-level firewalls in front of the machine. Rule one of server hardening: close every port you do not use.

Security Infrastructure
Performance & CDN

HTTP/3 بروتوكول HTTP/3

The newest version of the web's transfer protocol, built on QUIC over UDP instead of TCP. It removes head-of-line blocki...

The newest version of the web's transfer protocol, built on QUIC over UDP instead of TCP. It removes head-of-line blocking, shakes hands in fewer round trips, and survives network switches (Wi-Fi to 4G) without dropping the connection — wins that matter most on mobile and long-distance links. Encryption is built in, not optional.

Performance Protocols
Databases

PostgreSQL

The most advanced open-source relational database — strict standards compliance, rich types (JSON, arrays, geospatial vi...

The most advanced open-source relational database — strict standards compliance, rich types (JSON, arrays, geospatial via PostGIS), powerful indexing and rock-solid transactional integrity. The default choice for data-heavy applications, analytics and modern frameworks, where MySQL remains the default for classic web CMS workloads.

Databases Software
DNS & Networking

TXT Record سجل TXT

A free-form DNS record that stores text against a hostname. In practice it powers the internet's verification layer: SPF...

A free-form DNS record that stores text against a hostname. In practice it powers the internet's verification layer: SPF, DKIM and DMARC email policies, Google and Microsoft site-ownership proofs, and SSL issuance challenges all live in TXT records. One domain commonly carries several.

DNS Records
Hosting & Servers

Control Panel لوحة التحكم

The web interface that manages a hosting account without touching the command line — creating email accounts, databases,...

The web interface that manages a hosting account without touching the command line — creating email accounts, databases, subdomains, SSL certificates and backups in a few clicks. cPanel, Plesk and Virtualmin are the household names; Hostrena ships its own streamlined panel with every plan.

Tools Management
Email

DKIM — DomainKeys Identified Mail توقيع DKIM

A cryptographic signature your mail server adds to every outgoing message, verifiable against a public key published in...

A cryptographic signature your mail server adds to every outgoing message, verifiable against a public key published in your DNS. It proves the message really came from your domain and was not altered in transit. Without DKIM, modern providers like Gmail increasingly route your mail to spam regardless of content.

Email Security
Domains

EPP Code رمز EPP

The secret authorization key (also called auth code or transfer code) that proves you own a domain when transferring it...

The secret authorization key (also called auth code or transfer code) that proves you own a domain when transferring it between registrars. Issued by the current registrar on request, usually 6–16 random characters. Treat it like a password — anyone holding a valid EPP code can move your domain away.

Domains Security
Performance & CDN

Gzip & Brotli Compression ضغط Gzip وBrotli

On-the-fly compression of text responses — HTML, CSS, JS, JSON — before they cross the wire. Gzip is the universal veter...

On-the-fly compression of text responses — HTML, CSS, JS, JSON — before they cross the wire. Gzip is the universal veteran; Brotli (by Google) compresses 15–25% smaller at comparable speed and is now supported by every modern browser. A one-line server config that cuts page weight by two-thirds. Images and video are already compressed — skip them.

Performance Web
DNS & Networking

Nameserver خادم الأسماء (Nameserver)

The server that answers DNS queries for your domain — the authoritative source of its records. Setting a domain's namese...

The server that answers DNS queries for your domain — the authoritative source of its records. Setting a domain's nameservers (ns1.hostrena.com, ns2.hostrena.com) decides who controls its DNS zone. Domains should always have at least two, on separate networks, so one failure never takes the site offline.

DNS Infrastructure
Databases

phpMyAdmin

The classic web interface for managing MySQL and MariaDB — browse tables, run queries, edit rows, import and export dump...

The classic web interface for managing MySQL and MariaDB — browse tables, run queries, edit rows, import and export dumps, and manage users without any command line. Bundled with virtually every hosting control panel. Powerful enough that you should guard access to it carefully: it can do anything your database user can.

Databases Tools
Billing & Accounts

Service Credit رصيد الخدمة

Compensation issued as balance on your account instead of cash — the standard remedy when a provider breaches its SLA. A...

Compensation issued as balance on your account instead of cash — the standard remedy when a provider breaches its SLA. A typical schedule: 10% of the monthly fee credited for each 1% of uptime below the guarantee. Credits apply to future invoices automatically. Claims usually require opening a ticket within a defined window after the incident.

Billing
Security & SSL

WAF — Web Application Firewall جدار حماية تطبيقات الويب (WAF)

A firewall that understands HTTP — it inspects requests at the application layer and blocks attack patterns a network fi...

A firewall that understands HTTP — it inspects requests at the application layer and blocks attack patterns a network firewall cannot see: SQL injection, cross-site scripting, path traversal, malicious bots. Deployed as a module (ModSecurity), a reverse proxy, or a cloud service in front of your origin.

Security Web
Billing & Accounts

Auto-Renewal التجديد التلقائي

The setting that re-purchases a service automatically at the end of its term. For domains it is genuinely protective — a...

The setting that re-purchases a service automatically at the end of its term. For domains it is genuinely protective — an expired domain can be snapped up by squatters within days and ransomed back. For hosting it prevents data-deleting lapses. Best practice: keep auto-renewal ON for anything you cannot afford to lose, and calendar the renewal dates anyway.

Billing
Email

DMARC سياسة DMARC

The policy layer on top of SPF and DKIM: a DNS record that tells receivers what to do when authentication fails — monito...

The policy layer on top of SPF and DKIM: a DNS record that tells receivers what to do when authentication fails — monitor only (p=none), quarantine to spam, or reject outright — and where to send aggregate reports. Start at p=none, read the reports, then tighten. Gmail and Yahoo now require DMARC from bulk senders.

Email Security
Domains

Domain Privacy حماية خصوصية النطاق

A registrar service that replaces your name, email and phone in the public WHOIS record with proxy contact details. With...

A registrar service that replaces your name, email and phone in the public WHOIS record with proxy contact details. Without it, your registration data is harvestable by spammers and scrapers the moment you register. Many registrars — Hostrena included — bundle WHOIS privacy free with every eligible domain.

Domains Privacy
Performance & CDN

PHP OPcache

PHP's built-in opcode cache: it keeps the compiled form of your scripts in shared memory, so each request skips re-parsi...

PHP's built-in opcode cache: it keeps the compiled form of your scripts in shared memory, so each request skips re-parsing and re-compiling every file. Typical effect on a WordPress or Laravel app is a 2–3× throughput gain for one ini setting. There is no reason to run production PHP without it — and no serious host does.

Performance PHP
Databases

Redis

An in-memory key-value store famous for sub-millisecond reads — the standard engine for caching, sessions, queues and re...

An in-memory key-value store famous for sub-millisecond reads — the standard engine for caching, sessions, queues and real-time counters beside a primary SQL database. Because data lives in RAM, it is blisteringly fast but bounded by memory size. WordPress object caching and Laravel queues are its classic hosting use cases.

Databases Performance
DNS & Networking

TTL — Time To Live مدة البقاء (TTL)

How long (in seconds) resolvers may cache a DNS record before asking again. A 3600 TTL means changes take up to an hour...

How long (in seconds) resolvers may cache a DNS record before asking again. A 3600 TTL means changes take up to an hour to reach everyone; 300 means five minutes. The migration trick: lower TTL to 300 a day before moving servers, switch the record, then raise it back once traffic stabilizes.

DNS Performance
Security & SSL

Brute-Force Attack هجوم القوة الغاشمة

Guessing credentials by trying thousands of combinations against a login — SSH, WordPress admin, email, FTP. Defenses ar...

Guessing credentials by trying thousands of combinations against a login — SSH, WordPress admin, email, FTP. Defenses are layered and cheap: rate limiting and lockouts, fail2ban-style IP banning, key-based SSH instead of passwords, and two-factor authentication, which turns a guessed password into a useless half-secret.

Security Attacks
Databases

Database Index فهرس قاعدة البيانات

A lookup structure (usually a B-tree) that lets the database find rows without scanning the whole table — the difference...

A lookup structure (usually a B-tree) that lets the database find rows without scanning the whole table — the difference between a 2ms and a 2-second query on a large table. Indexes accelerate reads but slightly slow writes and consume disk, so you index the columns you filter and join on, not everything.

Databases Performance
DNS & Networking

DNS Propagation انتشار DNS

The waiting period after changing DNS records while resolvers worldwide expire their cached copies and fetch the new val...

The waiting period after changing DNS records while resolvers worldwide expire their cached copies and fetch the new values. It is not a broadcast — each resolver updates when its TTL runs out, so different users may see old and new versions simultaneously for minutes to 48 hours. Low TTLs shrink the window.

DNS Process
Billing & Accounts

Grace Period فترة السماح

The buffer after a missed renewal during which the service still works (or can be restored at no penalty). Domains typic...

The buffer after a missed renewal during which the service still works (or can be restored at no penalty). Domains typically get 30–45 days of registrar grace, then a "redemption" phase with a steep recovery fee, then public release. Hosting accounts usually suspend first and hold data for a defined window before deletion. Know your provider's exact numbers.

Billing Domains
Performance & CDN

Load Balancer موزّع الأحمال

A traffic director that spreads incoming requests across multiple servers — by round-robin, least-connections or respons...

A traffic director that spreads incoming requests across multiple servers — by round-robin, least-connections or response time — and silently removes unhealthy nodes from rotation. It is how sites scale horizontally beyond one machine and survive single-server failures. HAProxy and Nginx are the software classics; clouds offer it as a managed service.

Performance Infrastructure
Domains

Registrar مسجّل النطاقات

The accredited company that sells and manages domain registrations on your behalf, reporting to the registry that owns e...

The accredited company that sells and manages domain registrations on your behalf, reporting to the registry that owns each TLD. The registrar holds your contact records, renewals, lock status and EPP codes. Registries set wholesale prices; registrars set what you actually pay — which is why the same domain costs differently across providers.

Domains Business
Hosting & Servers

SLA — Service Level Agreement اتفاقية مستوى الخدمة (SLA)

The contractual promise a provider makes about service quality — most importantly the guaranteed uptime percentage. If t...

The contractual promise a provider makes about service quality — most importantly the guaranteed uptime percentage. If the real uptime falls below the promise, the SLA defines your compensation, usually as service credits. An uptime number without an SLA behind it is marketing, not a guarantee.

Reliability Legal
Email

Webmail بريد الويب (Webmail)

Reading and sending mail through a browser instead of a desktop or mobile client — Roundcube and SnappyMail are the comm...

Reading and sending mail through a browser instead of a desktop or mobile client — Roundcube and SnappyMail are the common open-source faces of it on hosting platforms. Nothing to configure, works from any device, and uses the same IMAP mailbox underneath, so everything stays in sync with your other clients.

Email Tools
DNS & Networking

Anycast DNS شبكة Anycast DNS

A routing technique where the same nameserver IP is announced from many locations worldwide, and each query is answered...

A routing technique where the same nameserver IP is announced from many locations worldwide, and each query is answered by the nearest one. The result: faster lookups everywhere, automatic failover when a node dies, and natural absorption of DDoS traffic across the fleet. The backbone of every serious managed-DNS service.

DNS Infrastructure
Hosting & Servers

Bandwidth عرض النطاق (Bandwidth)

The volume of data your server can transfer in a billing period, measured in GB or TB. Every page view, download and ema...

The volume of data your server can transfer in a billing period, measured in GB or TB. Every page view, download and email consumes it. A site with 100,000 monthly visits typically needs 50–100 GB. Watch for "unlimited" offers — they almost always hide a fair-use clause that throttles heavy users.

Resources Metrics
Databases

Collation ترتيب المحارف (Collation)

The rule set a database uses to compare and sort text — whether "a" equals "A", how accents rank, and how Arabic letters...

The rule set a database uses to compare and sort text — whether "a" equals "A", how accents rank, and how Arabic letters order. For modern multilingual sites the safe choice is utf8mb4 with a Unicode collation (e.g. utf8mb4_unicode_ci): it stores every emoji and Arabic character correctly. Legacy "utf8" in MySQL is a 3-byte trap that corrupts emoji.

Databases Localization
Domains

Domain Parking ركن النطاق

Registering a domain and pointing it at a placeholder page instead of a live site — to reserve a brand name, hold an ass...

Registering a domain and pointing it at a placeholder page instead of a live site — to reserve a brand name, hold an asset for resale, or stage a "coming soon" page before launch. Parked domains stay fully owned and renewable; some owners monetize them with ad landers, though search engines assign them no ranking value.

Domains
Email

Email Forwarder إعادة توجيه البريد

A rule that redirects mail from one address to another — [email protected] forwarding to your personal inbox, with no...

A rule that redirects mail from one address to another — [email protected] forwarding to your personal inbox, with no mailbox of its own to maintain. Forwarders are free to create in any panel and perfect for role addresses (info@, billing@). The catch: replies still come from your personal address unless you configure send-as.

Email Tools
Performance & CDN

Latency زمن الاستجابة (Latency)

The delay between asking and receiving — measured in milliseconds, dominated by physical distance and the speed of light...

The delay between asking and receiving — measured in milliseconds, dominated by physical distance and the speed of light in fiber. Riyadh to a Riyadh server: ~5ms. Riyadh to a US server: ~150ms, multiplied by every round trip a page needs. This is the core argument for regional hosting: no optimization beats being close.

Performance Metrics
Billing & Accounts

Overage تجاوز الاستهلاك (Overage)

Usage beyond your plan's included quota — extra bandwidth, storage or compute hours. Providers handle it three ways: har...

Usage beyond your plan's included quota — extra bandwidth, storage or compute hours. Providers handle it three ways: hard-stop the service, throttle it, or bill the excess at a published per-unit rate. The honest model bills or throttles with advance alerts; the one to avoid silently suspends. Check the overage clause before a traffic spike finds it for you.

Billing Resources
Security & SSL

Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) المصادقة الثنائية (2FA)

Requiring a second proof beyond the password — a rotating code from an authenticator app, a hardware key, or a one-time...

Requiring a second proof beyond the password — a rotating code from an authenticator app, a hardware key, or a one-time SMS. Even a fully leaked password cannot open a 2FA-protected account. App-based codes (TOTP) and hardware keys are strong; SMS is better than nothing but vulnerable to SIM swapping. Enable it on every panel that offers it.

Security Authentication
Billing & Accounts

Account Credit رصيد الحساب

Prepaid balance sitting on your hosting account, consumed automatically by future invoices before any card is charged. I...

Prepaid balance sitting on your hosting account, consumed automatically by future invoices before any card is charged. It arrives from top-ups, refunds issued as balance, SLA service credits or promotional gifts. Useful for teams that prefer one large prepayment over many small card transactions — and for keeping renewals safe when a card expires.

Billing
Email

Catch-All Address عنوان الالتقاط الشامل (Catch-All)

A mailbox configured to receive mail sent to ANY non-existent address at your domain — [email protected], oldemployee@...

A mailbox configured to receive mail sent to ANY non-existent address at your domain — [email protected], oldemployee@, anything. Useful for never missing a misspelled message, dangerous because spammers love dictionary-bombing catch-alls. Most admins enable it briefly during migrations, then turn it off.

Email
Performance & CDN

Core Web Vitals مؤشرات الويب الأساسية

Google's three user-experience metrics that feed directly into search ranking: LCP (Largest Contentful Paint — main cont...

Google's three user-experience metrics that feed directly into search ranking: LCP (Largest Contentful Paint — main content visible within 2.5s), INP (Interaction to Next Paint — responses under 200ms) and CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift — below 0.1). Fast hosting moves LCP more than any front-end trick; the rest is built in the code.

Performance SEO
Security & SSL

Encryption التشفير

Mathematically scrambling data so only key holders can read it. In hosting it appears in two forms: encryption in transi...

Mathematically scrambling data so only key holders can read it. In hosting it appears in two forms: encryption in transit (TLS protecting traffic) and encryption at rest (disk or database-level protection of stored data). AES-256 is the symmetric workhorse; RSA and elliptic curves handle key exchange. Compliance regimes like PDPL and GDPR expect both forms.

Security Fundamentals
Domains

IDN — Internationalized Domain Name النطاق الدولي (IDN)

A domain written in non-Latin script — Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic — like موقع.السعودية. Under the hood, browsers convert...

A domain written in non-Latin script — Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic — like موقع.السعودية. Under the hood, browsers convert IDNs to an ASCII form ("punycode", prefixed xn--) that DNS can resolve. IDNs matter for Arabic-first brands: they let your audience type your address in their own language.

Domains Localization
Databases

Database Replication النسخ المتماثل لقواعد البيانات

Continuously copying a database to one or more replica servers. Replicas serve read traffic (scaling), stand by as failo...

Continuously copying a database to one or more replica servers. Replicas serve read traffic (scaling), stand by as failover targets (availability), and feed analytics without touching production. Primary-replica is the common pattern; the replica lags the primary by milliseconds to seconds, which read-after-write code must respect.

Databases Infrastructure
Hosting & Servers

Reseller Hosting استضافة الموزّعين

A hosting plan designed to be re-sold: you buy a large allocation of disk and bandwidth, split it into smaller branded a...

A hosting plan designed to be re-sold: you buy a large allocation of disk and bandwidth, split it into smaller branded accounts, and sell them under your own name and prices. The provider runs the infrastructure; you run the customer relationship. The classic entry point for web agencies and freelancers.

Business Hosting
DNS & Networking

Reverse DNS (PTR) DNS العكسي (PTR)

The mirror image of a normal lookup: a PTR record maps an IP address back to a hostname. Its killer use case is email de...

The mirror image of a normal lookup: a PTR record maps an IP address back to a hostname. Its killer use case is email deliverability — receiving servers check that your sending IP's PTR matches your mail hostname, and reject or spam-flag mismatches. Every VPS that sends mail needs its PTR set correctly.

DNS Email