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Referencia técnica

El Glosario de Hosting

Busque entre 80 términos técnicos, explicados en árabe e inglés sencillo por los ingenieros que operan la plataforma.

80 términos 8 categorías Explorar por categoría

Billing & Accounts

Invoice الفاتورة

The itemized bill for your services — what was charged, for which period, at what price, plus any taxes. In hosting plat...

Billing
Hosting & Servers

Shared Hosting الاستضافة المشتركة

A hosting model where many websites live on one physical server and share its CPU, RAM and disk. It is the cheapest way...

Hosting Beginner
DNS & Networking

A Record سجل A

The most fundamental DNS record: it maps a hostname directly to an IPv4 address (example.com → 203.0.113.10). Its IPv6 t...

DNS Records
Performance & CDN

Caching التخزين المؤقت (Caching)

Storing computed results so the next request skips the work. The web stacks caches in layers: browser cache, CDN edge ca...

Performance Fundamentals
Security & SSL

HTTPS

HTTP wrapped in TLS encryption — the secure version of the web's transfer protocol, running on port 443. It guarantees t...

Security Protocols
Billing & Accounts

Pro-rata Billing الفوترة النسبية (Pro-rata)

Charging only for the fraction of the billing period you actually use. Upgrade a plan mid-month and you pay the price di...

Billing
Email

SMTP بروتوكول SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol — the protocol that sends email between servers and from your app or mail client to the ou...

Email Protocols
Databases

SQL لغة SQL

Structured Query Language — the standard language for talking to relational databases: SELECT reads, INSERT adds, UPDATE...

Databases Languages
Domains

TLD — Top-Level Domain النطاق الأعلى (TLD)

The suffix after the last dot in a domain — .com, .net, .org, .sa, .io. Generic TLDs (.com) are open to anyone; country-...

Domains
DNS & Networking

CNAME Record سجل CNAME

A DNS alias: it points one hostname at another hostname instead of an IP (www.example.com → example.com). When the targe...

DNS Records
Email

IMAP بروتوكول IMAP

Internet Message Access Protocol — the modern way to read mail. Messages stay on the server; every device (phone, laptop...

Email Protocols
Security & SSL

Let's Encrypt

The non-profit certificate authority that made HTTPS free for everyone. It issues domain-validated TLS certificates thro...

Security SSL
Domains

Subdomain النطاق الفرعي

A prefix that creates a separate site space under your main domain — blog.example.com or app.example.com. Subdomains are...

Domains DNS
Hosting & Servers

VDS — Virtual Dedicated Server الخادم الافتراضي المخصص (VDS)

A virtual server whose CPU cores are pinned to it physically — no sharing, no fair-use scheduling. Where a VPS shares ho...

Servers Virtualization
Hosting & Servers

Dedicated Server الخادم المخصص

An entire physical machine rented by one customer — every core, every gigabyte of RAM and every disk belongs to you alon...

Servers Enterprise
Performance & CDN

LiteSpeed خادم LiteSpeed

A high-performance web server that drop-in replaces Apache (it reads .htaccess) while serving far more concurrent traffi...

Performance Software
Databases

MariaDB

The community fork of MySQL, created by MySQL's original author after the Oracle acquisition. It is a drop-in replacemen...

Databases Software
Billing & Accounts

Payment Gateway بوابة الدفع

The licensed service that moves money between your card and the merchant — encrypting card data, talking to banks, handl...

Billing Payments
Email

POP3 بروتوكول POP3

Post Office Protocol v3 — the older mail retrieval protocol that downloads messages to one device and (by default) delet...

Email Protocols
Domains

WHOIS سجل WHOIS

The public directory of domain registrations — who registered a domain, through which registrar, when it expires and whi...

Domains Tools
Security & SSL

Wildcard SSL شهادة Wildcard

A single certificate that covers a domain AND all its first-level subdomains — *.example.com secures www, app, mail and...

Security SSL
Hosting & Servers

Cloud Hosting الاستضافة السحابية

Hosting that runs on a pool of interconnected servers instead of a single machine. Resources scale up or down on demand,...

Cloud Infrastructure
Security & SSL

Firewall جدار الحماية

The gatekeeper that filters network traffic by rules — which ports are open, which IPs may connect, which packets get dr...

Security Infrastructure
Performance & CDN

HTTP/3 بروتوكول HTTP/3

The newest version of the web's transfer protocol, built on QUIC over UDP instead of TCP. It removes head-of-line blocki...

Performance Protocols
Databases

PostgreSQL

The most advanced open-source relational database — strict standards compliance, rich types (JSON, arrays, geospatial vi...

Databases Software
DNS & Networking

TXT Record سجل TXT

A free-form DNS record that stores text against a hostname. In practice it powers the internet's verification layer: SPF...

DNS Records
Hosting & Servers

Control Panel لوحة التحكم

The web interface that manages a hosting account without touching the command line — creating email accounts, databases,...

Tools Management
Email

DKIM — DomainKeys Identified Mail توقيع DKIM

A cryptographic signature your mail server adds to every outgoing message, verifiable against a public key published in...

Email Security
Domains

EPP Code رمز EPP

The secret authorization key (also called auth code or transfer code) that proves you own a domain when transferring it...

Domains Security
Performance & CDN

Gzip & Brotli Compression ضغط Gzip وBrotli

On-the-fly compression of text responses — HTML, CSS, JS, JSON — before they cross the wire. Gzip is the universal veter...

Performance Web
DNS & Networking

Nameserver خادم الأسماء (Nameserver)

The server that answers DNS queries for your domain — the authoritative source of its records. Setting a domain's namese...

DNS Infrastructure
Databases

phpMyAdmin

The classic web interface for managing MySQL and MariaDB — browse tables, run queries, edit rows, import and export dump...

Databases Tools
Billing & Accounts

Service Credit رصيد الخدمة

Compensation issued as balance on your account instead of cash — the standard remedy when a provider breaches its SLA. A...

Billing
Security & SSL

WAF — Web Application Firewall جدار حماية تطبيقات الويب (WAF)

A firewall that understands HTTP — it inspects requests at the application layer and blocks attack patterns a network fi...

Security Web
Billing & Accounts

Auto-Renewal التجديد التلقائي

The setting that re-purchases a service automatically at the end of its term. For domains it is genuinely protective — a...

Billing
Email

DMARC سياسة DMARC

The policy layer on top of SPF and DKIM: a DNS record that tells receivers what to do when authentication fails — monito...

Email Security
Domains

Domain Privacy حماية خصوصية النطاق

A registrar service that replaces your name, email and phone in the public WHOIS record with proxy contact details. With...

Domains Privacy
Performance & CDN

PHP OPcache

PHP's built-in opcode cache: it keeps the compiled form of your scripts in shared memory, so each request skips re-parsi...

Performance PHP
Databases

Redis

An in-memory key-value store famous for sub-millisecond reads — the standard engine for caching, sessions, queues and re...

Databases Performance
DNS & Networking

TTL — Time To Live مدة البقاء (TTL)

How long (in seconds) resolvers may cache a DNS record before asking again. A 3600 TTL means changes take up to an hour...

DNS Performance
Security & SSL

Brute-Force Attack هجوم القوة الغاشمة

Guessing credentials by trying thousands of combinations against a login — SSH, WordPress admin, email, FTP. Defenses ar...

Security Attacks
Databases

Database Index فهرس قاعدة البيانات

A lookup structure (usually a B-tree) that lets the database find rows without scanning the whole table — the difference...

Databases Performance
DNS & Networking

DNS Propagation انتشار DNS

The waiting period after changing DNS records while resolvers worldwide expire their cached copies and fetch the new val...

DNS Process
Billing & Accounts

Grace Period فترة السماح

The buffer after a missed renewal during which the service still works (or can be restored at no penalty). Domains typic...

Billing Domains
Performance & CDN

Load Balancer موزّع الأحمال

A traffic director that spreads incoming requests across multiple servers — by round-robin, least-connections or respons...

Performance Infrastructure
Domains

Registrar مسجّل النطاقات

The accredited company that sells and manages domain registrations on your behalf, reporting to the registry that owns e...

Domains Business
Hosting & Servers

SLA — Service Level Agreement اتفاقية مستوى الخدمة (SLA)

The contractual promise a provider makes about service quality — most importantly the guaranteed uptime percentage. If t...

Reliability Legal
Email

Webmail بريد الويب (Webmail)

Reading and sending mail through a browser instead of a desktop or mobile client — Roundcube and SnappyMail are the comm...

Email Tools
DNS & Networking

Anycast DNS شبكة Anycast DNS

A routing technique where the same nameserver IP is announced from many locations worldwide, and each query is answered...

DNS Infrastructure
Hosting & Servers

Bandwidth عرض النطاق (Bandwidth)

The volume of data your server can transfer in a billing period, measured in GB or TB. Every page view, download and ema...

Resources Metrics
Databases

Collation ترتيب المحارف (Collation)

The rule set a database uses to compare and sort text — whether "a" equals "A", how accents rank, and how Arabic letters...

Databases Localization
Domains

Domain Parking ركن النطاق

Registering a domain and pointing it at a placeholder page instead of a live site — to reserve a brand name, hold an ass...

Domains
Email

Email Forwarder إعادة توجيه البريد

A rule that redirects mail from one address to another — [email protected] forwarding to your personal inbox, with no...

Email Tools
Performance & CDN

Latency زمن الاستجابة (Latency)

The delay between asking and receiving — measured in milliseconds, dominated by physical distance and the speed of light...

Performance Metrics
Billing & Accounts

Overage تجاوز الاستهلاك (Overage)

Usage beyond your plan's included quota — extra bandwidth, storage or compute hours. Providers handle it three ways: har...

Billing Resources
Security & SSL

Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) المصادقة الثنائية (2FA)

Requiring a second proof beyond the password — a rotating code from an authenticator app, a hardware key, or a one-time...

Security Authentication
Billing & Accounts

Account Credit رصيد الحساب

Prepaid balance sitting on your hosting account, consumed automatically by future invoices before any card is charged. I...

Billing
Email

Catch-All Address عنوان الالتقاط الشامل (Catch-All)

A mailbox configured to receive mail sent to ANY non-existent address at your domain — [email protected], oldemployee@...

Email
Performance & CDN

Core Web Vitals مؤشرات الويب الأساسية

Google's three user-experience metrics that feed directly into search ranking: LCP (Largest Contentful Paint — main cont...

Performance SEO
Security & SSL

Encryption التشفير

Mathematically scrambling data so only key holders can read it. In hosting it appears in two forms: encryption in transi...

Security Fundamentals
Domains

IDN — Internationalized Domain Name النطاق الدولي (IDN)

A domain written in non-Latin script — Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic — like موقع.السعودية. Under the hood, browsers convert...

Domains Localization
Databases

Database Replication النسخ المتماثل لقواعد البيانات

Continuously copying a database to one or more replica servers. Replicas serve read traffic (scaling), stand by as failo...

Databases Infrastructure
Hosting & Servers

Reseller Hosting استضافة الموزّعين

A hosting plan designed to be re-sold: you buy a large allocation of disk and bandwidth, split it into smaller branded a...

Business Hosting
DNS & Networking

Reverse DNS (PTR) DNS العكسي (PTR)

The mirror image of a normal lookup: a PTR record maps an IP address back to a hostname. Its killer use case is email de...

DNS Email