DNS & Networking DNS والشبكات

The systems that route the internet — DNS record types, nameservers, propagation, TTL values and modern Anycast networks.

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DNS — Domain Name System نظام أسماء النطاقات (DNS)

The internet's phone book — the distributed system that translates human-readable names (hostrena.com) into the IP addre...

The DNS record that tells the world which servers receive email for your domain. Each MX entry carries a priority number...

The most fundamental DNS record: it maps a hostname directly to an IPv4 address (example.com → 203.0.113.10). Its IPv6 t...

A DNS alias: it points one hostname at another hostname instead of an IP (www.example.com → example.com). When the targe...

A free-form DNS record that stores text against a hostname. In practice it powers the internet's verification layer: SPF...

The server that answers DNS queries for your domain — the authoritative source of its records. Setting a domain's namese...

How long (in seconds) resolvers may cache a DNS record before asking again. A 3600 TTL means changes take up to an hour...

The waiting period after changing DNS records while resolvers worldwide expire their cached copies and fetch the new val...

A routing technique where the same nameserver IP is announced from many locations worldwide, and each query is answered...

The mirror image of a normal lookup: a PTR record maps an IP address back to a hostname. Its killer use case is email de...